Brief summary Critique and Justify

Question: Discuss about the Brief summary Critique and Justify. Answer: Introduction The introduction to the given context provides a captivating and cohesive background to the perspectives, information and insight procured with reference to the topic in sync with the traditional Chinese culture. The chief obstacles faced in managing EOL patients particularly those who have been suffering from cancer have been previously identified through independent researches. The forbiddances of the Chinese culture from not disclosing the truth about imminent death to the EOL patients and those with cancer have affected behavioral outcomes in the attending healthcare professionals. However the dearth of information regarding the perceptions of the healthcare professionals concerning the physicians and the nurses so far has further added to the significance of the study through coherent explanations. Critique In this assignment, two academic literatures specifically two research articles comprising of a qualitative and a quantitative study will be studied and critically analyzed so as to support further research development. At first a brief description and subsequent explanation of the term research critique will be given in order to provide an overview of what will be carried out in then consecutive sections. For each of the article a definite critique framework will be followed in order to summarize and analyze the research design and content of each article. One compulsory area and three other chosen areas will be critically appraised in case of both the articles. Justification for critique of each selected area will be performed by means of utilizing the scholarly research literatures to account for the observations. All the academic literatures and articles to be studied related to the healthcare sector. Hence further identification and critical discussion regarding the extents, to which these studies are related to professional practice in the New Zealand healthcare contexts, will be done using relevant New Zealand literatures that might substantiate the claims. Thus with the help of this critical analysis of the chosen academic articles it will be convenient to make informed decisions pertaining to evidence based policy research (Oliver, Lorenc Innvr, 2014). Research critique refers to the systematic, unbiased, objective and careful investigation and review of all the aspects of the research study to determine and evaluate the merits, limitations, purpose and significance relying upon past research experience and knowledge pertaining to the specific topic. In short, a critical appraisal or evaluation of the research report characterizes the research critique through possession of essential virtues like that of critical thinking, intellectual; skills coupled with appraisal activity. Research critique has immense importance in terms of broadening the understanding for use in practice in an effort to foster the implementation of an evidence based practice (Wellington, 2015). The key purposes in relation to the critique process include assessment of methodological s well as analytical skills of the critique through proper recognition of the strengths and weaknesses of the research. Furthermore, journal editions may also be performed by highl y competent researchers through satisfactory application of this research critique skill thereby acting as a guide to the investigator. It is desirable to follow the objective and constructive approaches as guiding principles for critiquing. The entire critique process may be observed as a conglomeration of numerous sub-steps encompassing comprehension, comparison, analysis, evaluation and conceptual clustering. In order to carry out a satisfactory critique, certain general protocols need to be followed. Firstly, the entire paper is to be studied carefully prior to critique and the approach must be both objective and realistic. Specific examples must be cited in the process along with suggestion made for suitable alternatives. Content wise accurate evaluation of the various dimensions concerning the background, introduction, methodology, ethical considerations and conclusion must be done. Vagueness in generalizing the comments in case of pointing the merits and loopholes must be avo ided (Cohen, Manion Morrison, 2013). Thus research critique is considered as an integral part of any research. Critique of Article 1 The article titled Caring for dying cancer patients in the Chinese cultural context: A qualitative study from the perspectives of physicians and nurses. authored by Dong and others was published in the year 2016. The professional experiences of the 15 Chinese physicians and 22 nurses who are entrusted with the responsibilities of caring for the dying cancer patients at a cancer center located in mainland China were explored in this qualitative study by utilizing semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data analysis performed by means of thematic qualitative analysis revealed that relating to the Chinese culture, both the physicians and nurses encounter challenges in rendering care services for dying cancer patients (Dong et al., 2016). General credibility of research conclusion Critique The study is found to be satisfactory in terms of its research design, data collection and other approaches adopted to address the aims of research. The aim of the research is made clear from inception and the methods have been devised accordingly. The explanations given in favor of the findings followed by detailed discussions are found to be consistent with the purpose of the study. On the whole a clear and comprehensive insight on the research process has been provided that corroborates with the projected aims. Justification The undertaken study described in the article essentially followed a qualitative approach to examine the experiences concerning the specific population related to the chosen issue. Adequate emphasis has been laid on probing into the individual experiences of each of the participants to derive meaningful and deeper insight into the matter based on their responses. Although extensive scientific rigor and robustness are missing from the study yet it has successfully established the phenomenological findings through behavioral response analysis that might be beneficial to offer better understanding on the matter (Cope, 2014). Justification The greater objective of any qualitative research is to extrapolate the deductions made from the research to indicate wider implications for future concern. Knowledge about the importance of the study is crucial for ascertaining essential directions crucial for undertaking credible research task. Highlight of the research gaps in current knowledge and understanding is also vital to the advancement of knowledge concerning the field of inquiry (Ormston et al., 2014). Methodology Critique The research methods encompassing the sample size, data collection and data analysis procedures have been mentioned. The criteria for inclusion or exclusion have also been described. However the details regarding the interview questions in the semi-structured face-to-face interview with the study participants has not been adequately provided thereby making it cumbersome to replicate the study in future time. The validity of this questionnaire has also not been reported although the sampling strategy is noted to be consistent with saturation. Justification The predefined set of procedures concerning the qualitative study seeks to answer to specific question by means of collecting evidences. Observations and perceptions of the participants are indispensable in this regard for retrieving useful data through in depth interviews whereby optimal insight into sensitive issue may be elicited. The human aspect of an issue may be intricately explored and analyzed through this type of study that would otherwise remain unnoticed in addition to identification of intangible factors such as societal norms, religion, ethnicity and others that otherwise remain dormant (Silverman, 2016). Discussion Critique In the study, examination of the findings of the study has been done adequately that further contributed to the emancipation of knowledge. The socio-cultural aspect of Chinese practices in safeguarding the EOL patient from facing the reality in order to provide mental peace and less emotional stress to the dying patient has been identified as a major confounding factor that further thwarted the services of the physician and nurses. Important insights have been provided relevant to the similarities and disparities in their attitude towards these patients. Moreover the limitations of the study have been effectively addressed that hold potential for future studies. Justification The flexible nature of the qualitative study helped to better describe the variation and explanation of the relationships that underpin the outcomes concerning the issue of interest. Exploration of the phenomenon pertaining to the perceptions of the concerned population about the given topic was thus sought from following the iterative style of eliciting and classifying the responses to questions. The findings often corroborated to the findings claimed by other researchers through analysis of transcript data format that was obtained in the form of responses from open-ended questions (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). Applicability to New Zealand Context The confrontation of the healthcare professionals with dying patients and their bereaved family members are quite common in the intensive care units. Palliative care need and management concerning the acute hospital setting has been explored in study. The findings depict that almost half of the dying patients have been diagnosed with cancer and therefore has the need of exercising the benefits from suitable palliative care approach. However limited documentations regarding the discussions for attaining the goals of care has been noted that further necessitates the analysis of the perceptions of the physicians and nurses in this context (Gott et al., 2013). Further studies have highlighted the importance of resorting to care preferences that are in congruity with the cultural beliefs and ethnicity of the EOL patients. The involvement of the family in talking decisions in conjunction with provision of palliative care has been explored from the perspectives of the healthcare staff (Bell amy Gott, 2013). Thus the studied article has significant implication in the New Zealand healthcare context as well which is considered as the hub for culturally and ethnically diverse ageing population with dwellers from across the globe. Critique of Article 2 The article titled Communicating with Patients and their Families about Palliative and End of Life: Comfort and Educational Needs of Staff RNs. authored by Moir and others was published in the year 2015. The study aimed to find out the perceived needs relevant to the inpatient nurses for the sake of interacting with the patients and families pertaining to palliative and end-of-life (EOL) care. A non-experimental design including the participation of 60 inpatient nurses from one hospital in Idaho were recruited to complete the End-of-life Professional Caregiver Survey (EPCS). Results suggested that the oncology nurses were most proficient in communicating with the patient and family. Moreover nursing experience posed a vital aspect in contributing to the ease in communication regarding matter on EOL care (Moir et al., 2015). General credibility of research conclusion Critique In this quantitative research article, the research process gives a sketchy about the purpose of the study. The information that has been provided as literature review is not sufficient to substantiate the aim of performing the study. Certain assumptions and probabilities have been discussed as part of introduction to the topic that is not much coherent with the research aims. Terminologies such as hospice have been often used interchangeably with EOL care without proper clarification. However discussions and conclusion inferred following definite procedures is apparently up to the mark as it correlates with the aims that have been studied. Justification Lack of proper evidences to back the findings in a scientifically appropriate manner decrease the reliability of the research. Mere making up of assumptions may not always hold true therefore impairing the validity of the method adopted to get the requisite results. Change of setting might alter the responses obtained. Selection of appropriate and unbiased sample further accentuates the reliability that was compromised in the study (Creswell, 2013). Methodology Critique The method followed in the study adopted a non-experimental survey design to explore the distinctions based on age, years of experience and the unit of appointment concerning the nurse. The EPCS self report questionnaire were circulated among the convenient sampling participants that accounted for 60 inpatient nurses. Rigorous statistical tools involving Chi Square test, MANOVA and descriptive statistics have been widely used to generate meaningful conclusions that may be further verified and reproduced. Justification Quantification of variation along with prediction of casual relationships that may be suggestive of the definite characteristics of the population is attainable through adoption of suitable method for research. Numerical data obtained make the results all the more valid with the scope of being tested for reliability and extrapolation (Mertens, 2014). Ethical Considerations Critique The study abided by the general ethical guidelines that are to be followed to maintain the confidentiality, safety and most importantly ethicality of the data. Necessary permission and approval have been sought from competent authorities prior to the commencement of the survey relevant to the data acquisition in the study. Justification Recruitment of subjects for any quantitative study must conform to the existing ethical guidelines and principles to seek necessary approval for proceeding with the study to achieve the projected objectives without breaching the legal and ethical framework. Legal prosecutions are liable to persons in case of non-conformance to the norm (Punch, 2013). Limitations Critique The limitations to the study have been meticulously mentioned in the article where reference has been made of inadequate sample size, restricted population of participants, faulty demographic data collection procedure, voluntary research study of nurses that further implied for lack of generalizability in other contexts. Justification Test-retest reliability is a vital aspect in case of quantitative research that gets compromised in case of smaller sample size or due to presence of inherent biasness in the research design methodology. Both internal and external factors that further contribute to validity need to be studied for acquiring fruitful results devoid of any procedural erroprs that might lead to false readings (Fakis et al., 2014). Applicability to New Zealand Context The barriers to effective communication to the EOL patients and their family members by the nursing practitioners have received much attention in the current scenario. Proper education to combat these challenges that might affect the delivery of quality palliative care and EOL care services has been recommended by researchers. One study supported the relevancy of conducive and congenial organizational culture to account for positive resident outcomes in residential aged care facilities. Hence palliative care and organizational care offering the services are depicted to harbor a closer association (Frey et al., 2016). Introduction of culturally appropriate EOL care plan in New Zealand has been assessed to examine the stakeholders perceptions and experiences regarding the cultural goals drive the changes for service delivery. Access to palliative care devoid of health inequities must follow a sustainable approach following the complex interaction between the patient, family, nurses, cl inicians and o0ther associated healthcare staff to derive definite and holistic benefits (Batten et al., 2014). Hence the findings expressed in the article hold certain implications for understanding the topic of palliative care and EOL care through implementation of culturally appropriate methods and effective communication. Further the roles and responsibilities expected out of a nursing professional out of such circumstance are also noteworthy in this context. The critical appraisal of both the articles aided in thorough understanding of the results and major implications of the studies mentioned in them. Recognition of definite problems that undermine the credibility of the research along with simultaneous consideration of the strengths of the research undertaken helped to gain a deeper insight into the matter, Furthermore; the applicability of the professional practices described in both the studies in the context of the New Zealand healthcare sector was further procured. Thus critique of a research paper is found to be beneficial to expand the horizon of learning pertaining to the given issue. References Batten, L., Holdaway, M., Clark, J., Allan, S., Randall, C., Marshall, B. (2014). Constraints And Enablers For Culturally Appropriate End-of-life Care In New Zealand. BMJ supportive palliative care, 4(Suppl 1), A22-A22. Bellamy, G., Gott, M. (2013). What are the priorities for developing culturally appropriate palliative and end?of?life care for older people? The views of healthcare staff working in New Zealand. Health social care in the community, 21(1), 26-34. 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