Care of Patient Undergoing Total Knee Replacement Surgery Essay

Care of Patient Undergoing Total Knee Replacement Surgery - Essay Example The procedure merely involves what can be considered as 'resurfacing' of the bones of the joint. The prosthesis implanted is placed on the surface of the bones that meet at the knee - the femur and tibia and cemented to the bones, while most of the ligaments and usually all of the tendons of the joint are spared (Soohoo et al, 2006). Reporting on the frequency of Total Knee replacement surgeries, Kane and others (2003) indicated that in 2001 alone approximately 171,335 primary knee replacements and 16,895 revisions were performed. Kane et al (2003) argue that due to the fact that Knee replacement surgery is an elective procedure and especially because the prevalence of arthritis is expected to grow as the population ages, the care for patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery becomes an increasing concern for the healthcare profession. instruments, and assists the surgeon by passing instruments, sutures, and supplies. Therefore, the scrub nurse must have extensive knowledge of all surgical instruments and how they are used. On, the other hand, the circulating nurse serves as a liaison between scrubbed personnel and those outside of the operating room. The circulating nurse is free to respond to request from the surgeon, anaesthesiologist or anaesthetist, obtain supplies, deliver supplies to the sterile field, and carry out the nursing care plan. Other functions of the circulating nurse includes: initial assessment of the patient on admission to the operating room, helping monitoring the patient; assisting the surgeon and scrub nurse to don sterile gowns and gloves; anticipating the need for equipment, instruments, medications, and blood components, opening packages so that the scrub nurse can remove the sterile supplies, preparing labels, and arranging for transfer of specimens to the laboratory for analysis; savi ng all used and discarded gauze sponges, and at the end of the operation, counting the number of sponges, instruments, and needles used during the operation to prevent the accidental loss of an item in the wound (Mcewen, 1996). In the following pages, the organisation and layout of Total knee replacement surgery will be discussed using my experience with the surgical procedure of Mr. A as a yardstick. Intraoperative care for Mr. A included all the activities performed by the health care team during surgery that ensured the patient's safety and comfort, implementation of the surgical procedure, monitor and maintain vital functions, and document care given. The intraoperative time period can vary greatly from less than one hour to 12 hours or more, depending on the complexity of the surgery being performed. Since the purpose of intraoperative care is to maintain patient safety and comfort during surgical procedures, decisions about patient positioning and other features of the operating room is influenced by a number of factors, especially conditions of the patient and potential risks or complications of the surgical procedure. The goals of intraoperative care include maintaining homeostasis during the procedure, maintaining strict

Apollo Group Essay Example for Free

Apollo Group Essay The Apollo Group was founded by John Sterling, a professor at San Jose State University, in 1976. They are a for-profit educational provider that specializes in educating working adults. The Apollo Group has many subsidiaries both domestic and abroad. The University of Phoenix- the largest private university in the United States Institute for Professional Development- a consultant service that provides private colleges and universities in the US with adult education program development, administration and management support The College for Financial Planning Institutes- a national leader in providing financial services education the and certification to people and companies in the financial services industry Meritus University- an online university with degree programs in Canada Apollo Global Inc- a partnership with The Carlyle Group that invest in international education services in various countries The University of Phoenix is their main subsidiary and has an enrollment of over 550,000 students. They provide undergraduate, masters and doctorial programs both online and at on-campus locations in 40 states. Since the University of Phoenix is a for-profit educator, they recognize their students as customers and have tailored their business to fit the educational needs of their customers. Their programs are geared toward working adults; they are able to educate their customers at a rapid pace with low overhead. They have simple online platforms that are easy to use and their on-campus locations consist of basic classrooms. Since their primary customers are working adults and commuting students, they do not invest in building dorms, student unions or recreational facilities at these on-campus locations. Current Issues While this business model has been profitable for Apollo Group, there are some concerns that will force them to adjust their plan. Because of the perception that online classes are ineffective, and proprietary colleges and universities are degree factories that are not providing a quality education, prestigious universities are sticking with traditional programs. This perception is shared by potential students and their employers. Apollo needs to improve the reputation of their brand. The federal government has put some regulations in place to ensure that proprietary educators are educating students and not pushing them through their programs and granting degrees to create a revenue stream from federal financial aid and student loans. The Gainful Employment Rule- If programs fail the three test of gainful employment three times in a four year span they will not be eligible to receive federal financial aid dollars. The 90/10 Rule- If the institution get more than 90% of its cash revenue from student loans, the institution cannot participate in student federal loan programs. Student Loan Defaults- The federal government sets a three year default limit on cohorts of students. If the students’ loan default rate of the cohort drops below the limit, the institution cannot participate in student federal loan programs. In addition to the negitive reputation and government regulations, the Apollo Group is facing competition from both traditional and proprietary educators. As the technology increases, more schools are investing in their distance learning programs. Apollo will need to find a way to differentiate themselves from these institutions. Recommendations I think the Apollo Group should leverage the relationships that their other subsidiaries have built with their clients, as well as the ones their professors have with their employers, to get input on redesigning their degree programs. If done properly these programs will set industry standards and change the reputation of the University of Phoenix. These redesigned programs should create more employment opportunities for their graduates and help them pass gainful employment test. Working with major corporations to create these programs and gaining their public endorsement will give them an advantage over their competitors. While their business model does not include the extra amenities of a traditional university, the University of Phoenix needs to invest in career counseling and job placement services to help their students find good jobs, this will increase the likelihood of being in compliance with federal regulations. They should also develop a business case showing how the 90/10 rule will cause them to deny enrollment to low income students and petition elected officials who serve low income areas to modify some of the federal regulations that they are governed by. Wall Street Metrics As of this writing, The Apollo Group, with a ticker symbol of APOL is trading at $20.83 per share. Its 52-week high was $29.47 and its low was $15.98. It has a P.E. ratio of 8.54% compared to 24.38% of the SP 500 and 36.39% for the sector. Its dividend yield is 0 compared to 1.85 of the SP 500 and 2.14 of the sector. It has a Beta measurement of 0.70. Based upon my analysis, I would not currently purchase this stock. Post Script The University of Phoenix recently had some trouble retaining their accreditation. A peer group with The Higher Learning Commission, a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, recommended that they be put on probation. â€Å"Specifically, the review team concluded that the University of Phoenix has insufficient autonomy relative to its parent corporation and sole shareholder, Apollo Group, Inc., to assure that its board of directors can manage the institution, assure the university’s integrity, exercise the board’s fiduciary responsibilities and make decisions necessary to achieve the institution’s mission and successful operation.† 1 The Apollo Group was able to work with the HLC’s Institutional Actions Council First Committee to retain its regional accreditation, but that the university will be placed on notice for two years. In efforts to retain students by reducing the cost of tuition, the university has created a scholarship reward program that gives eligible undergraduate degree students up to $10,000 in tuition reductions. They also instituted a tuition freeze so students will not have tuition increases as long as they are consistently enrolled in classes.

Inventory :: essays research papers

Name: Job #: # of APPLIANCES ft ³ TOTAL # of BEDROOM1/2/3/4/5 ft ³ TOTAL Air Cond. / Window Lg. 20 0 Bed Waterbed Base 10 0 Air Cond. / Window Sm. 15 0 Bed, Bunk (Set 2) 70 0 Dehumidifier 5 0 Bed, King 70 0 Dishwasher 20 0 1 Bed, Queen 65 65 1 Dryer 11 11 Bed, Rollaway 20 0 Freezer, 10' or less 30 0 Bed, Single/Hollywood 40 0 Freezer, 11' to 15' 45 0 2 Bed, Std/Dbl./Full 60 120 Freezer, 16' or more 60 0 Book Box 6 0 Range, 20" Wide 10 0 Chair, Boudoir 10 0 Range, 30" Wide 15 0 2 Chair, Straight 5 10 Range, 36" Wide 30 0 Chaise Lounge 25 0 Refrig. 11 ft ³ or more 60 0 3 Chest of Drawers 25 75 Refrig. 7 to 10 ft ³ 45 0 Chest, Armoire 30 0 2 Refrig. 6 ft ³ or less 30 60 Chest, Batchelor 12 0 1 ShopVac 5 5 Chest, Cedar 15 0 Stackable Washer / Dryer 35 0 Day Bed / Captains Bed 50 0 1 Vacuum Cleaner 5 5 Dresser, Double 40 0 1 Washing Machine 25 25 Dresser, Single 30 0 # of DINING ft ³ Dresser, Triple 50 0 Baker's Rack 15 0 Dresser, Vanity 20 0 Bench, Harvest 10 0 Dresser/Vanity Bch 3 0 1 Buffet (Base) 30 30 Floor Lamp 3 0 Cabinet Corner 20 0 1 Futon 25 25 7 Dining Chair 5 35 3 Lamp 3 9 1 Dining Table 30 30 Mirror 6 0 Hutch (Top) 20 0 2 Night Table 5 10 2 Lamp 3 6 4 Picture 3 12 0 Mirror 6 0 Student Desk 15 0 0 Picture 3 0 3 Trunk 5 15 Tea Cart 10 0 1 Wardrobe Closet,LG 40 40 # of KITCHEN ft ³ 1 Wardrobe Closet,SM 20 20 Baker's Rack 15 0 # of NURSERY ft ³ Breakfast Suite, Chairs 5 0 Baby Carriage 4 0 1 Bread Maker 3 3 Bassinet 5 0 Breakfast Table 10 0 Bed, Youth 30 0 Chair, High 5 0 Chair, Child`s 3 0 High Chair 5 0 Changing Table 25 0 1 Ironing Board 2 2 Chest 12 0 Kitchen Cabinet 30 0 Chest, Toy 5 0 Lamp 3 0 Child`s Rocking Chair 3 0 Microwave Oven 5 0 Crib, Baby 10 0 Microwave Stand 10 0 Playpen 10 0 Mirror 6 0 Rocking Chair 7 0 3 Picture 3 9 Table, Child`s 5 0 Serving Cart 15 0 # of PORCH/OUTDOOR ft ³ 1 0 1 BBQ Grill, Large 10 10 Barstool 3 0 1 BBQ Grill, Small 2 2 1 Toaster Oven 1 1 Bird Bath 10 0 Utility Cabinet 10 0 3 Chair, Plastic 1 3 # of LIVING ROOM ft ³ Chairs, Aluminum 1 0 Bar, Portable 15 0 4 Chairs, Metal 3 12 Bench, Frsd/Piano 5 0 Chairs, Wood 5 0 Bookcase 20 0 Garden Hose & Tools 10 0 Bookshelves, Sect. 5 0 Glider or settee 20 0 Cabinet, Curio 10 0 1 Golf Clubs / Bag 8 8 Chair, Occasional 15 0 Ladder 6' Step 3 0 Chair, Overstuffed 25 0 Ladder, 8' Metal 2 0 Chair, Rocker 12 0 1 Ladder, Extension 8 8 Chair, Straight 5 0 Lawn Mover, Rider (HP) 35 0 Clock, Grandfather 20 0 1 Lawn Mower, Hand 5 5 Desk, Secretary 35 0 Lawn Mower, Power 15 0 Desk, SM/Winthrop 22 0 1 Leaf Blower 5 5 Fireplace Equip. 5 0 Outdoor Child Gym 20 0 Footstool 2 0 Outdoor Child Slide 10 0 Hall Tree Large 12 0 Outdoor Swings 30 0 Hall Tree Rack 2 0 Picnic Bench 5 0 Lamp, Floor/Pole 2 0 Picnic Table 20 0 Lg. Wicker Chair 4 0 Plastic Chair 1 0 Lg. Wicker Sofa 15 0 Roller, Lawn 15 0 Magazine Rack 2 0 Skis / Poles 8 0 Mirror 4 0 Snow Blower 15 0 Music Cabinet 10 0 Spreader, Lawn 2 0 Ottoman 5 0 Statue 0 Papasan Chair 4 0 1 Table, Large 4 4 Phone Stand 4 0 Table, Plastic 2 0 Piano, Baby Gr/Upr 70 0 Table, Small 2 0 Piano, Parlor Gr. 80 0 Trampolene 0 Piano, Spinet/Console 60 0 Umbrella 5 0 3 Picture 3 9 1 Wheelbarrow 8 8 1 Recliner 25 25 # of OFFICE/MISC ft ³ Room Divider 10 0 2 Dr File Cab. Dbl. Wide 20 0 Rugs, Lg. Roll/Pad 10 0 3 Drawer File Cab. 30 0 Rugs, Sm. Roll/Pad 3 0 3 Drawer File Cab. 30 0 Sm. Wicker Chair 2 0 3 Dr File Cab. Dbl. Wide 60 0 Sm. Wicker Sofa 10 0 4 Dr File Cab. Dbl. Wide 40 0 Sofa, Hide, 4 Cush. 60 0 Barbells lbs. 0 1 Sofa, Loveseat 35 35 Basket (Clothes) 5 0 Sofa, Sectional (per sec.) 30 0 1 Bicycle 5 5 1 Sofa, 3 Cushion 50 50 Bowling Ball/Bag 3 0 Table Lamps 3 0 Chairs, Folding 1 0 3 Tables, Coffee/End 5 15 1 Clothes Hamper 5 5 Tables, Drop/Occas 12 0 Cot, Folding 10 0 # of ELECTRONICS ft ³ 1 Desk, Office 30 30 Ceiling Fan 7 0 1 Exercise Machine 20 20 Chair 5 0 Exercycle 5 0 Computer Desk 20 0 Fan 5 0 1 Computer printer 5 5 Fern/Plant Stands 2 0 Copier 40 0 1 Filing Cab. 2 Drawers 10 10 1 DVD 3 3 Filing Cab. 4 Drawers 20 0 Entertainment Ctr. 20 0 Filing Cab.Crdbd 3 0 1 Fax 5 5 Footlockers 5 0 Floor Speaker 5 0 1 Heater, Gas/Electric 5 5

Experience as a Writer

My experience as a writer as another individual in society and being student in school writing is a part of life. Living in another state and being so far away from family I write my love ones back home because a letter can mean more than a phone call sometimes. Going to school writing is everyday thing between assignments and taken notes every time you write your writing skills get better. Certain jobs require written answer on their application in order to get hired. I’m pretty sure in the career I’m choosing ill encounter question that require writhing answer. Writing to me is a valuable ability. It plays s a major role in communication. Under certain circumstance an individual may person could be in the military away to basic training or overseas and don’t have access to electrical devices. To be honest I really don’t like writing because I had bad experience about not staying on topic or not making complete sentence. I have a hard time by you use punctuation in the right way. I don’t know how to grab people attention when I’m writing. I have a hard time staying on one topic. I love to learn more about it and have better experiences as a writer. My 10th grade year in high school, my English teacher gave us an writing assignment which was an essay before Christmas break the last day of school and to start Christmas break my teacher gave us our grad and mines was below passing. Focuses an advancing my writing in skills in which I did passed my English class for the year. I realized that in order to do better you have to put forth the effort and determination once success is made it only make you want to keep succeeding in away is motivation.

Which Nut Has More Energy

Running Head; WHICH NUT Which Nut has More Energy? Aidan J. Flood Christ the King Many people ate peanuts such as explorers; the ones that explored the colonies. They lived off of the types of nuts grown in the colonies. (The life and Times of a Peanut) Many people ate nuts such as walnuts, peanuts, and almonds. All of the nuts pack a ton of energy inside. The testing was on which nut had more energy. It is necessary to test or experiment with the power of a nut, so people know how much energy each nut really holds, so they know which one to buy. In order to understand a nuts’ energy, it is necessary to know the following terms and formulas. You may need to understand energy. Energy is a usable heat or power, powers something or someone. You may need to know temperature, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter, expressed in terms of units or degrees designated on a standard scale. (http://www. thefreedictionary. com) BTU means British thermal units, it means the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water from 60 degrees Fahrenheit to 61 degrees Fahrenheit. I am using 125 ml, half a cup of water, which is equal 4. 17 ounces. The formula that I have for energy is, Energy= mass (125ml or half a cup, 4. 17 ounces) x increased temp Mass of the nut x 1000 (nut as in walnut or peanut) One is Celsius; Celsius is the type of temperature measurement in almost every other country except America. It was named after an astronomer; he created the scale of temperature. The other is Fahrenheit; Fahrenheit is mostly used in the U. S. It is a scale temperature which water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit, and boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Now for the things that are being tested, A Peanut is a small oval seed of South American plant, mostly roasted, salted, and eaten as a snack. Also called a one seeded plant, grown on large farms. A nut is a hard shelled, one seeded fruit like an acorn or hazel nut. You will also need to know what a graph is, a graph is a diagram that exhibits a relationship between different sets of numbers and items. (http://www. thefreedictionary. com) Many plants and crops are grown organically and inorganically so that must be explained too. Organic means that the plants or crops are grown naturally without pesticides and any harmful chemicals. (http://www. thefreedictionary. com) This actually doesn’t affect the peanut because it is hard shelled and no pests can get in. Inorganic means not made with any organic materials at all and is protected with man made items that are not always helpful to the environment. The plants are grown with pesticides and chemicals. Morgan D. Nagatani conducted the same type of experiment in 2002. She thought that the walnut would have the most energy and it did. She stuck the needle into the nut and burned it with a lighter, but she used a small bucket instead of a juice can. The walnut did show the highest BTU, with cashew in second (I did not test the cashew), and the almond in 3rd. These results caused me to be more interested in for walnut . It had the highest in my experiment. This also helped me explain BTU, British Thermal Units, and it did affect my experiment. There are some things were noticed in the experiment that I learned. The walnut had the most energy out of many different nuts. Also people wanted to know what Joules were and I found that they are also another measurement of energy and heat. Something that I noticed was that when I was testing the bottom of the can would turn black, so I needed to know if the soot on the bottom would effect the heat that it gave off, and it did so I had to clean the can after every trial. Many people expected the walnut because of its mass, and it was because it was grown inorganic plus very large so it can burn longer. In the past experiment the walnut also won the prize for nut with most energy. It relates to my experiment because it tells me which nut to expect to win.

The Story of Captain Corelli essays

The Story of Captain Corelli essays If it were not for the title of the novel, we might well start to assume that the story has very little or nothing to do with Captain Corelli. Moreover, de Bernires introduces the reader to so much material, that very soon we have probably forgotten about him long, before he is actually cited . In the first five chapters of the novel, de Bernires leads the reader into five main focal points. Within this section he establishes two sort of characters. On the one hand, we have the historical characters who most people recognise and that have contributed significantly to the world history: Hitler is occasionally mentioned, while Mussolini, The Duce is prominently featured in chapter two: with Metaxas they serve to build the main historical context of the novel. On the other hand we have the fictional characters, created by de Bernieres; his characters feel convincingly real we perhaps accept them as more real, because they are placed in a documented historical context. In turn this leads us to either grow sympathy or an antipathy towards them because we can relate more personally to the wider arena. Dr. Iannis is the first character we encounter in the novel. Through him, we discover his role as a doctor in the community, the community he serves and lives in and it is he who finally leads us into the setting of the novel The half forgotten Island of Cephallonia..., through his writing of: A personal history We detect right away that Doctor Iannis is a sophisticated man who is highly respected in the community. His language and knowledge feels richer and more refined in comparison to that of his patients. In fact this may trigger our deductions about the community: small, simple-minded but with strong religious beliefs. Religion feels considerably important in this community, because biblical language recurs constantly in their language : Christ have mercy...all the sain...

Streetcar Named Desire - Blanches Downfall essays

Streetcar Named Desire - Blanche's Downfall essays In Tennessee Williamss play A Streetcar Named Desire, the character Blanche DuBoiss mental state deteriorates as the story progresses. During the play, several events in Blanches past are revealed. These events allow one to understand why Blanche acts the way she does, and why certain events affect her the way that they do. In the end, these events cause Blanches total mental breakdown. The event that started Blanches mental deterioration was her husbands suicide. Her husband was a homosexual, and Blanche had caught him with another man. Later, while dancing with him to the Varsouviana, she told him that he disgusted her. He ran off the dance floor and shot himself. Blanche always blamed herself for her husbands suicide, and grief overcame her. As she says in the play, the light that her husband cast on her world went out. Without her husband, Blanche was lost. Blanches familys estate, Belle Reve, was lost after the deaths of many family members. The bills for the funerals of her family fell upon Blanche. Now she was not only stricken with grief after the loss of family members, she was forced to give up her home. The estate her family had owned for hundreds of years was gone. Blanche was forced to find a place to stay, and a place for her to try and pick up the pieces of her shattered life. In order to try and end her grief, Blanche was intimate with many men over a short period of time. She lived in Laurel, in a sleazy hotel called the Flamingo. During her time in this hotel, she became quite infamous. She would try to fool men into believing that she was an innocent southern woman. Since the town was small, the facts about Blanche spread rapidly, and she was asked to turn her room key in at the Flamingo. She realized that she had failed to make herself feel better. Her relations with these men only made her feel worse in the long run. ...

How To Talk To Prospects At Every Stage Of The Marketing Funnel

How To Talk To Prospects At Every Stage Of The Marketing Funnel A funnel is a way to visualize your prospects’ journey through the marketing and sales process. Figure out where in the funnel they are at from the unaware to the purchase stage. So, it’s time to put fun back into that funnel! Today, we’re talking to Emma Tupa, ’s marketing automation strategist. She shares how to create personas, find a voice, breakdown funnel stages, and change communication tactics. Marketers, do you know who you’re talking to? Create buyer personas collection of prospect characteristics based on research Ways to create buyer personas depending on the stage of your business Research and information lets you pinpoint your ideal customers and target them with specific messaging Find your tone and voice to input personality into copy and effectively communicate in the customers’ language Top of the Funnel or TOFU: Prospects in unaware or pain aware stage; use interesting and informational, but not intense content, to soft sell Middle of Funnel or MOFU: Prospects in the solution aware to product aware stages; content connects dots between the pain and the best solution for it Bottom of the Funnel or BOFU: Prospect are potentially purchase ready and in the most aware stage; content is geared to converting through calls to action Marketing is a science; involves reacting and re-engaging with prospects to get them down the funnel Differences between marketing and sales materials, including emails Links: G2 Crowd How to Map Content to the Marketing Funnel Autopilot Why Your Customer Is The Key To Skyrocketing Conversion Rates with Talia Wolf from Get UpLift Joanna Wiebe Kathryn Nyhus Write and send a review to receive a care package If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Emma Tupa: â€Å"That’s really the key creating your buyer personas. They’re crucial to figuring out who you’re actually talking to.† â€Å"Once you have all that information, you can really start to pinpoint your ideal customers and then start targeting them with specific messaging.† â€Å"Conversions to us are if a prospect is moving down the funnel, we consider that a conversion from stage to stage, not just if they become a customer.†

Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Depression - Essay Example Depression among the old people is a growing global health concern due to the increasing number of old people within the world populace. Despite the disorder being a major mental health problem, little has been done in terms of research studies to uncover the underlying causes, effects, and mental health requirements of the old. Depression among other people especially the young has been extensively studied and documented due its effects that cause major problems to the health wellbeing of people. Little literature from various research studies targeting depression among the old people is a source of valuable knowledge of the nature, causes, and the mental health effects it has on the old people. Systemic review of research articles on depression among the old provides a synthesis of information collected to give an in-depth view of the disorder. Depression is a state characterized by low moods and hate of activity, which interferes with an individual’s behaviors, feelings, sense of well-being, and general thought process. Depression is one of the major psychiatric disorders that have residual effects on the mental health wellbeing of individuals (Park & Jun, 2013). Depression is characterized by feelings of hate towards activities, loss of memory, cognitive abilities, and general concentration. These lingering symptoms have lasting adverse effects on the mental functionality of an individual. A major problem with the disorder remains the inability of the individuals suffering from the disorder and the people surrounding them to diagnose the disorder. The disorder is more pronounced among the elderly due to the isolation, dependency on others, and failure to diagnose and treat it. Coupled with this is the increased push by governments to cut healthcare costs in the midst of already constrained medical budgets. The eld erly therefore face a problem in that healthcare is already unavailable due to financial

The Analysis of the Theories of Prebles Art Forms Term Paper

The Analysis of the Theories of Prebles Art Forms - Term Paper Example There are three theories that will be discussed as they come out clearly in the book. It is also important to highlight that chapter five of the book majorly deals with the evaluation of art. The three theories that are the points of focus, as well as attention in the book, are well discussed below: In this theory, the point that it focuses on so much and that it explains as well as envisages is the makeup and the constitution of the work of art. The theory tends to explain much on how the piece of art could have possibly having been affected in one way o the other by the earlier artisans in their creativity and artistic works. It, therefore, gives what made the piece of art be the way it is and why it was designed in the particular form that it is (Patrick 2009). This theory as the name suggests is quite axiomatic and obvious that the theory is focusing on expression. Under this expression, it is to say that the expression is with the aim of worldwide marketing as well as publicity. It, therefore, deals with the expression of personality for the popularity and to make the piece of work well known to the whole world (Patrick 2010). This theory focuses on the contemporary aspects of society. In the discussion, the theory discusses the various environmental issues that influence the works of art, the effect of culture (way of living) on art as well as the effect of the political state or the ruling class on art. It is also important to highlight that economic factors are also having a significant influence on the pieces of art (Suzzane 2010). In the second part of the paper, the paper will delve so much on the one art that is designed and match very well the various theories that have been well discussed in the earlier parts of the paper.     

The legal, ethical and professional aspects of record keeping relating Essay

The legal, ethical and professional aspects of record keeping relating it to team working in healthcare - Essay Example The poor quality and clarity of nursing records was marked by Susan Lowson, the advisor to the Health Service Ombudsman, during The NSG conference "Information and Litigation in Healthcare" (on 11th June 2003) at Kettering General Hospital Post Graduate Medical Centre. Therefore, there is a little work to be done in the field of record quality improvement. The detailed description of a patient's case history, condition and treatment help the members of the inter-professional health care team to communicate and cooperate. This may help when the patient receives the treatment from different specialists and the important information, such as blood group, allergic reactions, specific no compatible prescribed medicines etc. should be reported to every doctor. The records are vital in doctor-nurse cooperation as they help a nurse to follow the doctor's prescriptions and a doctor to control the smallest changes in the patient's condition without keeping him under close observation as in case of long, or life-long disease when the patient receives regular nurse care and one-day-per-month doctor's examination. Good record should be written in a clear and accurate way (intended for a particular type of the record) to present the accurate account of treatment and care planning and delivery, and the record keeper should therefore follow special rules and recommendations of the authoritative organisations. Clear and consecutive records of a patient's condition help to detect problems rather than scrappy, incomplete, and inconsequent notes.Rigorous, detailed description of case history, the changes in patient's condition, medical conclusions, recommendations, and prescriptions help not only provide the successful treatment but also to protect the rights of a doctor or a patient in case of litigation. Thus, a high level of record keeping provides patients' welfare. Good medical record keeping helps to provide continuity of care. Continuity of care is an important component of medical service. Continuity is not an attribute of providers or organisations, it is rather the way individual patients experience integration of services and coordination. Therefore, continuity of care is a significant characteristic of medical care level. According to Guidelines for Record-keeping (2005, p.7), the Audit Commission (1995) found patients were suffering as a result of poor communication between professionals, even within the same area of practice and/or ward/base. The reason for that was that records were frequently treated as the personal property of a practitioner instead of as a corporate asset to promote quality care. The Trust is committed to promoting integrated patient records to support safe and effective care. It is strongly recommended, that where possible, practitioners should use or develop records that other professionals and the patient/carer/relatives are able to use to promote continuous effective care for the patient. An example of how and where this system of integrated record keeping works is the personal child health

Limitations on Police Force Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Limitations on Police Force - Research Paper Example Thesis statement: The limitations on Police Force are dangerous to police officers and citizens because the same affect the proper functioning of law enforcement. How police officers are limited in their way of handling everyday actions? To be specific, police officers are properly trained and permitted to use physical force in critical conditions. In addition, police officers are authorized to maintain peace and security in a society and their actions must be considered as an integral part of their duty. Vincent (1990), opines that â€Å"The right to resort to the legitimate use of force and the law is a constant backup or factor that makes the police officer’s role different from all other occupations† (p.77). During internal/external insurgencies, the Police Force is fully responsible to keep law and order in the mainstream society. For example, when an internal or external insurgency occurs, it is the duty of the police officers to conduct search. In this situation, limitation on using physical force will hinder the progress of investigation. Williams (2005), opines that â€Å"Decisive, timely, and forceful intervention, when needed to overcome the suspect’s illegal acts, can lead to less severe resistance and fewer police responses involving high levels of force† (p.17). ... When the level of the force used by police officers goes beyond limitations, there exists high possibility for criticism from the public. Some of the limitations faced by the police officers while handling everyday actions include limited gun use, limited physical use and limited use of chemical agents. A. Limited gun use The police officers use guns in extremely critical conditions because they are aware of the consequences of the same. When the usage of guns in critical conditions is limited, there exists high possibility for injury or even death. Lieberman (1999), states that â€Å"Individual police officers may be sued for DAMAGE in federal courts for violation of a person’s constitutional rights† (p.354). Besides, this limitation hinders the police officers from handling their everyday actions in an effective manner. B. Limited physical use In certain situations (say, during violent demonstrations), the police officers may be forced to use their physical power to r educe the scope of large scale calamities. Shetreet (1988) makes clear that â€Å"Indeed, it may be the case that without the use of physical force by police officers during interrogation, occasionally persons who had committed crimes would escape conviction and punishment† (p.277). During these types of situations, limited physical use is impractical because the best possible way to control the outraging mob is to use physical force. So, limited physical use in certain situations will reduce the confidence level of the police officers. C. Limited use of chemical agents In certain situations, some chemical agents like pepper sprays are used by the police officers. The usage of chemical agents is less

Facquier Gas Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facquier Gas Company - Case Study Example On top of that an additional 10 miles had to be planned for the following year. Murphy was tasked with the supply of gas distribution materials like pipes, meters, and fittings and basically all the materials required to make the project a success. The vice-president of the organization was in charge of supply, designing and construction organizations. While having lunch at the company cafeteria in January, Murphy overheard the Mr. Clive Byers (construction project manager) talking of a new Fauquier Gas Company project. The company had to start construction of a new 3.5 miles gas line in June and it had to be ready by September. For the project to be completed at the expected time, murphy requested Byers to furnish him with the purchase request so he could tender the same to the mills that would be able to accommodate his schedule. However, Byers told him he had to first get Sam Law (design engineer) to complete pipe specification after which Pat Wilson (construction project engineer) approval would give the green light for the start of the project. Only then would Byers send Murphy the purchase request. This consequently required consultation for the project to be completed in time. The specifications of the pipe that Pat Wilson gave Murphy were a diameter of the pipe being 24 inches with a wall thickness of 0.75 inches with a length of 57 feet. Previously, the pipe used to have wall thickness used to be 3/8 inches while the length was 40 feet plus or minus 5 feet. The new specifications were intended to reduce the stringiness by having a thickness of  ¾ inches thickness while increase in length to 57 foot would reduce welding cost. Wilson had to decide on the wrapper to use on the pipe by making economic considerations. Previously, Fauquier contracted two companies which used coal and pry-tech and were located in Philadelphia and Atlanta respectively. What worried Mr. Murphy the most is that by April 14th; he had not received the

Potato Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Potato - Essay Example I decided to form a yellow Humpty Dumpty, since that was what the peeled potato reminded me of the most. I then proceeded to shape up the potato more like an egg, using a pen knife. After this was done, I took out some colored inks and markers and began marking out the eyes, nose, mouth, stomach area and then colored them with suitable colors. The outline had to be darker than the other colors used in order to be clearly visible. My finished character Humpty Dumpty ended up with an orange shirt, black trousers, a red tie and a white shirt. I also had to pay attention to the back of the character so that nothing was left out. After it was finished, I set it down on a wooden block near my bookshelf and then set about painting the wooden block as well so it looked like a wall. The final step after I finished this was to find a couple of plastic soldiers and a King and Queen as well, to create the well known scene from the popular nursery rhyme (Author Unknown, 2004). Now all that remain ed was for my young nephews to visit, and I would enact the rhyme complete with characterization using the potato as Humpty

Facquier Gas Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facquier Gas Company - Case Study Example On top of that an additional 10 miles had to be planned for the following year. Murphy was tasked with the supply of gas distribution materials like pipes, meters, and fittings and basically all the materials required to make the project a success. The vice-president of the organization was in charge of supply, designing and construction organizations. While having lunch at the company cafeteria in January, Murphy overheard the Mr. Clive Byers (construction project manager) talking of a new Fauquier Gas Company project. The company had to start construction of a new 3.5 miles gas line in June and it had to be ready by September. For the project to be completed at the expected time, murphy requested Byers to furnish him with the purchase request so he could tender the same to the mills that would be able to accommodate his schedule. However, Byers told him he had to first get Sam Law (design engineer) to complete pipe specification after which Pat Wilson (construction project engineer) approval would give the green light for the start of the project. Only then would Byers send Murphy the purchase request. This consequently required consultation for the project to be completed in time. The specifications of the pipe that Pat Wilson gave Murphy were a diameter of the pipe being 24 inches with a wall thickness of 0.75 inches with a length of 57 feet. Previously, the pipe used to have wall thickness used to be 3/8 inches while the length was 40 feet plus or minus 5 feet. The new specifications were intended to reduce the stringiness by having a thickness of  ¾ inches thickness while increase in length to 57 foot would reduce welding cost. Wilson had to decide on the wrapper to use on the pipe by making economic considerations. Previously, Fauquier contracted two companies which used coal and pry-tech and were located in Philadelphia and Atlanta respectively. What worried Mr. Murphy the most is that by April 14th; he had not received the

Rhetorical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Rhetorical analysis - Essay Example The author of the tube effectively uses pathos and logos to convince students that they should stop drinking bottled water because it harms their finances, health, and environment. The rhetorical situation concerns the purpose of the video’s author, which is to persuade University of Arizona students that they should stop drinking bottled water because of the belief in bottled water’s numerous bad effects on drinkers and the environment. The author is a student of University of Arizona. He studied the pros and cons of bottled water using legitimate references. He concludes that bottled water’s disadvantages outweigh its advantages. The context includes the bottled-water drinking culture that is popular in developed countries, as well as in the university campus. The exigence is that not many people are aware of the negative impacts of bottled water, especially when clean tap water is available. The author wants to correct this lack of awareness through a YouTube video. The genre is through YouTube because it is easy to use and can reach a large audience. Since target audiences are common YouTube users, the author can access them through this video. The video can also include emotional elements that cannot be easily added to print materials, such as music and changing images. It is a genre that can have a large appeal to students. Furthermore, the author seeks to influence the target audience, who are University of Arizona students, to change their bottled-water drinking habits. Since there are around 40,000 students, the author believes that together, they can make a difference (Zhang). If they stop drinking bottled water every day, they can seriously reduce the effects of bottled water on their health, money, and school community (Zhang). In addition, the relations exist, where consumers have a large impact on the bottled water industry. Individually, they have no power. The bottled water industry is large enough to use advertisements and other marketing promotions to promote the pros of bottled water over tap water, without mentioning the pros of tap water at all. The power of the target audience lies in their number and collective action. Thus, the rhetorical situation relies on the need to resolve the problems of bottled water. The author effectively uses pathos, specifically through music, images, and emotional words, to inform students about the consequences of bottled water and to emphasize their role in stopping it. The music is soothing, as if trying to relax the audience. The aim is to open their minds to the realities of bottled water. The music seeks to emphasize that the beauty of their health and the world rely on their action of drinking tap, not bottled, water. The author also relates statistics to student lives. After computing the cost of drinking bottled water a year, the video says that the expense is equal to a student’s rent payment (Zhang). The result is a strong emotional impact due to t he connection between money spent on bottled water to money spent on rent. Images of students are actively used too to stress student’s participation in bottled water use. The images of happy students at the beginning indicate that they have an active role in ensuring this happiness through not drinking bottled

What Happens in the Sacraments Essay Example for Free

What Happens in the Sacraments Essay 1. What does the Church’s liturgy celebrate? The Church’s liturgy celebrates the Paschal Mystery of Christ. 2. Redemption is the action of Jesus Christ whereby he paid the price of his own Death on the cross to save us from sin and thus return us to new, eternal life in union with God. In the Eucharist we proclaim the mystery of our Redemption. 3. True or False? In the liturgy we remember and participate in the events that accomplished our Redemption. True 4. What is a central theme of the spiritual writing of Blessed Dom Columba Marmion, O.S.B.? Explain. A central theme in his writing is â€Å"divine adoption† 5. In the Eucharist Christ communicates the fruits of the Paschal Mystery. Through faith and our participation in the sacraments, every facet of our lives becomes intertwined with the life of Jesus as we grow in union with the Blessed Trinity. Pages 32 – 37 Christ Acts through the Sacraments 6. True or False? The Apostles were empowered to begin the mission to teach and baptize people of all nations on the Jewish Feast of the Ascension. FALSE The Apostles were empowered to begin the mission to teach and baptize people of all nations on the Jewish Feast of Pentecost. 7. The experience of Paraclete forever changed the Apostles as they became enlivened, rejuvenated, and filled with courage. They spoke openly to the â€Å"Jews from every nation† who had come to Jerusalem for the celebration. 8. The Holy Spirit continued to be present in the Apostles and they became â€Å"sacramental signs† of Christ. Through Apostolic succession they entrusted the power and authority of the Holy Spirit to their replacements. 9. True or False? The events of our Salvation occurred only once, but by the power of the Holy Spirit the liturgy makes these events present and real for us today. True 10. God the Father is the source of the blessing we receive from the liturgy. Our response involves recognizing God’s blessings in the story of creation, His covenants with the Chosen people and finally in the coming of Christ.

Rhetorical Analysis of Earl Spencers Speech for the Funeral of Lady Di

In this assignment, I will closely analyse the speech made by Earl Spencer for the funeral of Lady Diana, considering the complicated context and literary devises he uses to affect his audience. The speech was written as a funeral speech for Diana's close family and friends, but also, more importantly, for the public, as it was broadcasted worldwide. In the speech, although it's primary purpose is to pay respects to his sister; he uses the opportunity to promote Diana's charity work, and to raise controversy within the royal family. He never directly says it, but when analysing the text his feelings towards the royal family are apparent; from the fact that he mentions, " she needed no royal title to continueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦" this comment is particularly clever because of its indirect subtlety, but the meaning behind it would still be clear to the audience, because of the media coverage of recent events. Throughout the speech, Earl Spencer uses very emotive language, which reinforces the feeling that the public have "lost s...

Kids :: essays research papers

Introduction: A) Broad discussion of topics: Discuss Kristin's thesis 1. Evolution and understanding of it Macro vs. Micro VIST framework Darwin/Mayr 2. Tools-language Open vs. Close ended questions How vs. why questions Best way of asking to reveal causal framework -explain causal framework: Essentialism (Gelman), Teleology (Keleman), Bloom, and Theory of Mind Ultimate Cause (natural) Why questions Proximate cause How questions 3. Children's and adults understanding of biology/evolution/metamorphosis Evans Species-proximity to humans Mayr 4. Natural kinds vs. artifacts 5. Creationist-God...wanted, created, gave, made Naturalistic-need, adaptations, evolve, growth Intelligent design- intention, purposeful B) Rationale for this study 1. Give close-ended questions to younger children so they can understand the broad questions and because they may not be able to ellaborate or communicate well enough. Hood/Bloom: When children start answering causal questions of parents and when they start asking questions of their own. C) Hypothesis (still being established...have to wait until finished coding Kristin's data to predict the results of mine) Method subjects: 20-25 Age: 5 and 6 years Gender: 1/2 male and 1/2 female open-ended questions -divided into how and why - questions taken from coding results of previous study done by Krisitn - analyzed and took the most typical explanations Present the most frequent of those close-ended questions presented to older age group with 1 explanation per pattern : 4 reasoning patterns: (Will be inserted in paper with actual questions once the data has all been coded and analyzed from Kristin's study) Questions altered to fit all items Use item used with older kids to see if they are giving the answers the older kids did. Procedure 4 parts of the procedure will be given sequentially: 1. Warm-up 9 items (pictures) looking at interacting Ask child if the card is an animal or a human to see if they understand 2. Card practice agree/disagree face cards 3. Open-ended questions "how/why do you think..." between subjects footnote Kristin's study 4. Close-ended questions 3 humans, 3 butterflies, 3 frogs, 3 mammals, 3 artifacts order randomly determined without replacement once item is chosen: They will be told

Deception Point Page 52

Only fifteen feet away, Gabrielle Ashe stood in the shadows, rigid. From the den came the harmonious clink of crystal snifters and the crackle of the fire. 58 In a panic, the young NASA technician dashed through the habisphere. Something terrible has happened! He found Administrator Ekstrom alone near the press area. â€Å"Sir,† the technician gasped, running up. â€Å"There's been an accident!† Ekstrom turned, looking distant, as if his thoughts were already deeply troubled with other matters. â€Å"What did you say? An accident? Where?† â€Å"In the extraction pit. A body just floated up. Dr. Wailee Ming.† Ekstrom's face was blank. â€Å"Dr. Ming? But†¦ â€Å" â€Å"We pulled him out, but it was too late. He's dead.† â€Å"For Christ's sake. How long has he been in there?† â€Å"We think about an hour. It looks like he fell in, sank to the bottom, but when his body bloated, he floated up again.† Ekstrom's reddish skin turned crimson. â€Å"Goddamn it! Who else knows about this?† â€Å"Nobody, sir. Only two of us. We fished him out, but we thought we better tell you before-â€Å" â€Å"You did the right thing.† Ekstrom exhaled a weighty sigh. â€Å"Stow Dr. Ming's body immediately. Say nothing.† The technician felt perplexed. â€Å"But, sir, I-â€Å" Ekstrom put a large hand on the man's shoulder. â€Å"Listen to me carefully. This is a tragic accident, one I deeply regret. Of course I will deal with it appropriately when the time comes. Now, however, is not the time.† â€Å"You want me to hide his body?† Ekstrom's cold Nordic eyes bore down. â€Å"Think about it. We could tell everyone, but what would that accomplish? We're about an hour off from this press conference. Announcing that we've had a fatal accident would overshadow the discovery and have a devastating effect on morale. Dr. Ming made a careless mistake; I have no intention of making NASA pay for it. These civilian scientists have taken enough of the spotlight without my letting one of their slipshod errors cast a shadow over our public moment of glory. Dr. Ming's accident remains a secret until after the press conference. Do you understand?† The man nodded, pale. â€Å"I'll stow his body.† 59 Michael Tolland had been at sea enough times to know the ocean took victims without remorse or hesitation. As he lay in exhaustion on the expansive sheet of ice, he could just make out the ghostly outline of the towering Milne Ice Shelf receding in the distance. He knew the powerful Arctic current flowing off the Elizabethan Islands spiraled in an enormous loop around the polar ice cap and would eventually skirt land in northern Russia. Not that it mattered. That would be months from now. We've got maybe thirty minutes†¦ forty-five at the most. Without the protective insulation of their gel-filled suits, Tolland knew they would be dead already. Thankfully, the Mark IXs had kept them dry-the most critical aspect of surviving cold weather. The thermal gel around their bodies had not only cushioned their fall, but it was now helping their bodies retain what little heat they had left. Soon hypothermia would set in. It would start with a vague numbness in limbs as the blood retreated to the body's core to protect the critical internal organs. Delirious hallucinations would come next, as the pulse and respiration slowed, cheating the brain of oxygen. Then, the body would make a final effort to conserve its remaining heat by shutting down all operations except the heart and respiration. Unconsciousness would follow. In the end, heart and respiration centers in the brain would stop functioning altogether. Tolland turned his gaze toward Rachel, wishing he could do something to save her. The numbness spreading through Rachel Sexton's body was less painful than she would have imagined. Almost a welcome anesthetic. Nature's morphine. She had lost her goggles in the collapse, and she could barely open her eyes against the cold. She could see Tolland and Corky on the ice nearby. Tolland was looking at her, eyes filled with regret. Corky was moving but obviously in pain. His right cheekbone was smashed and bloody. Rachel's body trembled wildly as her mind searched for answers. Who? Why? Her thoughts were muddled by a growing heaviness inside her. Nothing was making sense. She felt like her body was slowly shutting down, lulled by an invisible force pulling her to sleep. She fought it. A fiery anger ignited within her now, and she tried to fan the flames. They tried to kill us! She peered out at the threatening sea and sensed their attackers had succeeded. We're already dead. Even now, knowing she would probably not live to learn the whole truth about the deadly game being played out on the Milne Ice Shelf, Rachel suspected she already knew who to blame. Administrator Ekstrom had the most to gain. He was the one who sent them out on the ice. He had ties to the Pentagon and Special Ops. But what did Ekstrom have to gain by inserting the meteorite beneath the ice? What did anyone have to gain? Rachel flashed on Zach Herney, wondering if the President was a coconspirator or an unknowing pawn? Herney knows nothing. He's innocent. The President obviously had been duped by NASA. Now Herney was only about an hour away from making NASA's announcement. And he would do so armed with a video documentary containing endorsements from four civilian scientists. Four dead civilian scientists. Rachel could do nothing to stop the press conference now, but she vowed that whoever was responsible for this attack would not get away with it. Summoning her strength, Rachel tried to sit up. Her limbs felt like granite, all her joints screaming in pain as she bent her legs and arms. Slowly, she pulled herself to her knees, steadying herself on the flat ice. Her head spun. All around her the ocean churned. Tolland lay nearby, gazing up at her with inquisitive eyes. Rachel sensed he probably thought she was kneeling in prayer. She was not, of course, although prayer probably had as good a chance of saving them as what she was about to attempt. Rachel's right hand fumbled across her waist and found the ice ax still bungeed to her belt. Her stiff fingers gripped the handle. She inverted the ax, positioning it like an upside down T. Then, with all her energy, she drove the butt downward into the ice. Thud. Again. Thud. The blood felt like cold molasses in her veins. Thud. Tolland looked on in obvious confusion. Rachel drove the ax down again. Thud. Tolland tried to lift himself onto his elbow. â€Å"Ra†¦ chel?† She did not answer. She needed all her energy. Thud. Thud. â€Å"I don't think†¦,† Tolland said, â€Å"this far north†¦ that the SAA†¦ could hear†¦ â€Å" Rachel turned, surprised. She had forgotten Tolland was an oceanographer and might have some idea what she was up to. Right idea†¦ but I'm not calling the SAA. She kept pounding. The SAA stood for a Suboceanic Acoustic Array, a relic of the Cold War now used by oceanographers worldwide to listen for whales. Because underwater sounds carried for hundreds of miles, the SAA network of fifty-nine underwater microphones around the world could listen to a surprisingly large percentage of the planet's oceans. Unfortunately, this remote section of the Arctic was not part of that percentage, but Rachel knew there were others out there listening to the ocean floor-others that few on earth knew existed. She kept pounding. Her message was simple and clear. THUD. THUD. THUD. THUD†¦ THUD†¦ THUD†¦ THUD. THUD. THUD. Rachel had no delusions that her actions would save their lives; she could already feel a frosty tightness gripping her body. She doubted she had a half hour of life left in her. Rescue was beyond the realm of possibility now. But this was not about rescue.

Benefits of playing chess Essay

The chess theory is complicated and many players memorize different opening variations. You will also learn to recognize various patterns and remember lengthy variations. Chess improves concentration. During the game you are focused on only one main goal-to checkmate and become the victor.  § Chess develops logical thinking. Chess requires some understanding of logical strategy. For example, you will know that it is important to bring your pieces out into the game at the beginning, to keep your king safe at all times, not to make big weaknesses in your position and not to blunder your pieces away for free. (Although you will find yourself doing that occasionally through your chess career. Mistakes are inevitable and chess, like life, is a never-ending learning process.)  § Chess promotes imagination and creativity. It encourages you to be inventive. There are an indefinite amount of beautiful combinations yet to be constructed.  § Chess teaches independence. You are forced to make important decisions influenced only by your own judgment.  § Chess develops the capability to predict and foresee consequences of actions. It teaches you to look both ways before crossing the street.  § Chess inspires self-motivation. It encourages the search of the best move, the best plan, and the most beautiful continuation out of the endless possibilities. It encourages the everlasting aim towards progress, always steering to ignite the flame of victory.  § Chess shows that success rewards hard work. The more you practice, the better you’ll become. You should be ready to lose and learn from your mistakes. One of the greatest players ever, Capablanca said, â€Å"You may learn much more from a game you lose than from a game you win. You will have to lose hundreds of games before becoming a good player.†  § Chess and Science. Chess develops the scientific way of thinking. While  playing, you generate numerous variations in your mind. You explore new ideas, try to predict their outcomes and interpret surprising revelations. You decide on a hypothesis, and then you make your move and test it.  § Chess and Technology. What do chess players do during the game? Just like computers they engage in a search for the better move in a limited amount of time. What are you doing right now? You are using a computer as a tool for learning.  § Chess and Mathematics. You don’t have to be a genius to figure this one out. Chess involves an infinite number of calculations, anything from counting the number of attackers and defenders in the event of a simple exchange to calculating lengthy continuations. And you use your head to calculate, not some little machine.  § Chess and Research. There are millions of chess resources out there for every aspect of the game. You can even collect your own chess library. In life, is it important to know how to find, organize and use boundless amounts of information. Chess gives you a perfect example and opportunity to do just that.  § Chess and Art. In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia chess is defined as â€Å"an art appearing in the form of a game.† If you thought you could never be an artist, chess proves you wrong. Chess enables the artist hiding within you to come out. Your imagination will run wild with endless possibilities on the 64 squares. You will paint pictures in your mind of ideal positions and perfect outposts for your soldiers. As a chess artist you will have an original style and personality.  § Chess and Psychology. Chess is a test of patience, nerves, will power and concentration. It enhances your ability to interact with other people. It tests your sportsmanship in a competitive environment.  § Chess improves schoolwork and grades. Numerous studies have proven that kids obtain a higher reading level, math level and a greater learning  ability overall as a result of playing chess. For all those reasons mentioned above and more, chess playing kids do better at school and therefore have a better chance to succeed in life.  § Chess opens up the world for you. You don’t need to be a high ranked player to enter big important competitions. Even tournaments such as the US Open and the World Open welcome players of all strengths. Chess provides you with plenty of opportunities to travel not only all around the country but also around the world. Chess is a universal language and you can communicate with anyone over the checkered plain.  § Chess enables you to meet many interesting people. You will make life-long friendships with people you meet through chess.  § Chess is cheap. You don’t need big fancy equipment to play chess. In fact, all you may need is your computer! (And we really hope you have one of those, or else something fishy is going on here.) It is also good to have a chess set at home to practice with family members, to take to a friend’s house or even to your local neighborhood park to get everyone interested in the game.  § CHESS IS FUN! Dude, this isn’t just another one of those board games. No chess game ever repeats itself, which means you create more and more new ideas each game. It never gets boring. You always have so much to look forward to. Every game you are the general of an army and you alone decide the destiny of your soldiers. You can sacrifice them, trade them, pin them, fork them, lose them, defend them, or order them to break through any barriers and surround the enemy king. You’ve got the power! To summarize everything in three little words-Chess is Everything!

Discuss the whether you believe that the reading on the passive-aggression organization has implications in the UAE

Yes! I should say that passive-aggression organization has implication in the UAE because as Gary Neilson, Bruce Pasternack, and Karen Van Nuys pointed out, no company that has never suffered such syndrome. The passive-aggression organization syndrome is a general situation that has been experienced by business organizations not only in many parts of America, but also in Europe.As Neilson, Pasternack, and Van Nuys stated, problems develop gradually as company grows through a series of â€Å"well-intended but badly implemented organizational changes†¦,† I believe that passive-aggression organization has implication in the UAE because controlling and delegating authority by those at the top often creates problems and complexities that can result to this problem. The survey that was conducted by Booz Allen Hamilton reveals that one in five of about 30,000 respondents to a global online survey admitted they suffered this syndrome.In my view, it is reasonable to say that passi ve-aggression has implications in the UAE. Provide a workplace example from your own experience where you have observed attribution theory occurring. Attribution theory occurs perhaps in every work place where there are both a sound leadership and performance failures. In the banking sector where performance required among employees were customer relations and number skills, occurrence of attribution theory is often seen in this context. Poor performance outcomes are blamed on someone’s customer relation’s skills.Bank employees are paid not only to cater to the need of the clientele; they are also paid to show customer care which mat require skills. Employees often attribute their failures to their lack of skills in customer relations skills. Discuss what you believe is the most important factor to be managed when implementing a change program in the workplace. I believed that the most important factor to be managed when implementing change program in the work place is the change process itself as this could be easily misunderstood by the employees.There are some aspect that needs to be considering when implanting this change such as the behavior of the individual in the organizational settings and the consequences of this change in the employee performance. In the organizational setting, Vecchio stressed that organizational culture provides influences among the employees that could motivate them to bring out their best. Thus, when implementing a change program in the work place, it is important to consider how the change process will have impact on the organizational setting.

Consumer socialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Consumer socialization - Essay Example For children, a "gift" is anything they get beyond the basics of food, shelter and tools necessary to perform their studies. They soon recognize specific occasions for receiving gifts, such as their birthday and holidays like Christmas, Easter, and Hanukkah, among others, but continue to seek and receive gifts for other reasons such as good behavior or success in school. Often a gift for good grades is given at the end of the school term. This is all considered "dependent" consumption, as children do not yet have access to their own money to make purchases. Bjurstrom also refers to it as the "gift economy". It is not exclusive to children, of course. Adults use gifts for many reasons, primarily relationship-building and maintenance throughout their lives. (Bjurstrom, 2003.) "Independent" consumption, defined as supporting oneself from one's own income, is a large factor in the transition from childhood to adulthood today. Gender socialization does have an influence on the transition from dependent to independent consumption, while this is diminishing in many countries. Many women, even in developed countries, never fully evolve in their consumer socialization beyond the "gift economy." Their ideal husband is strong and loving, and buys what is needed and wanted without asking questions. The sooner young people of both genders are taught and encouraged to integrate dependent and independent consumption, the more effective consumers they will be. Young people should learn to use money from their allowances, and earnings from household chores, to buy birthday gifts for friends and family members as soon as possible, even if the gifts are small in size and value. This will help them learn to select and purchase, use money wisely, and understand the emotional and relationship impacts of receiving and giving gifts. While the age of young people who are able to practice fully independent consumption is getting later and later in the developed nations, due to the prolonged time they spend in post-secondary education, they are beginning to practice some forms of independent consumption at earlier ages in the 21st century than in the 20th. This is due to factors such as family income, as in many families around the world, both parents now work outside the home and earn income. (Bjurstrom, 2003.) Family income is a critically important factor in a study of consumer socialization in south Asia, based on surveys analyzed by M.F. Sabri, J. Masud, and L. Paim, of the University Putra Malaysia. The survey respondents were college students. The replies were given by 68% female respondents and 32% male. They lived in both rural and urban areas, and came from families with an average of 5 children. Most often they were middle children, rather than the oldest or youngest. This research also demonstrates the consumer socialization influences on these young respondents, aged 17 to 21. These young people were able to be relatively independent consumers due to their family income. Their parents could afford to send them to university and provide them with a generous allowance to use for living expenses. Most of the students lived away from

Monitor and improve customer service Assignment

Monitor and improve customer service - Assignment Example The firm is expecting at least twice the number of waiting calls in relation to the calls that are active (Tugnoli ). The indicator will focus on the number of calls that will lead to the resolving of a particular problem as put forward by the customers. The institution will need at least ten calls from the consumers in order to look into a particular problem (Parmenter). The number will eliminate any doubts in the existence of the problem. The perspective will focus on registering the opinions by customers about the provision of the services by the agents of the business entity (Kerzner). The feedbacks will ensure the apprehension of consumer needs and the upgrade as per the consumer satisfaction. The aspect will register the time that elapses when an agent attends to the client. The information will evaluate the efficiency of the workforce. The time measure will also register the ability of the institution in handling complaints. Every employee objective has a link with at least one KPI. The fact will make sure that the evaluation of the performance is simple and efficient. To be more specific, the institution will employ the unit team key performance indicator. The indicator will illustrate the ratio of the difference between the complaints that an agent handles that result to customer satisfaction against the number of the customers that are not satisfied. The KPI illustrates the performance of the human resource. The following questionnaire will focus on acquiring customer feedback as well as registering the performance from the consumers’ perspective. Any information henceforth will be confidential and shall not be available to the public. The title of the essay illustrates the possible upgrades that the customers suggest about the prevailing customer service exercises. The propositions here in also concentrate on the possible weaknesses of the program. Consequently, goes a

Role of Intermodal Connectors with Freight Movement, Analysis and Essay

Role of Intermodal Connectors with Freight Movement, Analysis and Infrastructure - Essay Example 8). The peak of the problem arose when it became abundantly clear to the industry observers that the traditional â€Å"break bulk† shipping will not be able to carry around the world the increasing cargo while performing their duties of safe delivery of the cargo. This therefore led to the palletization and containerization as a means to resolve the problems. At the same time, a revolution took place whereby, there was the increasing need for the use of bigger ships as it was realised that this could lead to a great reduction of shipping costs since industries increasingly preferred using ships than to the old rail and road methods. From 1945 to 1995, oil tankers increased by size of almost twenty times while dry bulk vessels became almost some fifteen times bigger. With this increase in ship sizes, the industry benefited from a great advantage due to reduction in cost to carry around their raw materials (e.g. this led to the cost of transporting coal by sea from Virginia to Jacksonville, Florida almost three times cheaper than by rail) (Chrzanowski, 1985). Intermodal freight or intermodal connectors can be defined as the shipment of goods involving two or more modes of transportation (sea, air, rail, road) from origin to destination under a single contract of carriage (bill of lading).1 Due to the increase production processes around the world and the need to effectively move the goods around the world, logistics cannot be complete without a good communication method from the manufacturers to the consumers. In this case therefore, logistic systems must be able to rapidly adjust to changing and increasing levels of demand and inventory at each stage of production and distribution around the globe to the final consumer with minimal defects. This can only be achieved with good intermodal connectors. Intermodal connectors that consist of roads,

Gas Price effect on the economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gas Price effect on the economy - Essay Example Some develops faster and stronger than the others. Other factors can also be influence by the policies of the government, industry, technology, raw materials, and environment. The prosperity of the economy rises and falls with these factors, and one of these factors is through the industry of gas. When we talk about gas, it is inseparable with oil industry. Oil and gas industry is considered to be one that holds a stronghold in the world and America’s economy today. Oil and gas industry greatly affects the economy. The economy receives an improvement when there are large reserves and an increase of active drills in respect to oil and gas. People are able to consume more if the price of gas and oil falls. According to Perner (2008), the current gasoline prices are likely to have a large impact on consumer spending but a much smaller impact on the amount of gasoline purchased. Instead, the effect is likely to be felt in other areas of spending such as vacations, entertainment, e lectronics or eating out. Barbara Hagenbaugh (2007) stated in her report that economists believe that rising gas prices hurt but its impact is fairly limited.

Dualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dualism - Essay Example In Metaphysics, it holds that there are two realities: material and immaterial whereas, in the Philosophy of the Mind, it holds that the body and soul are categorically two completely different substances. In addition, the Minds’ Philosophy adjoins that the mental fact comprises of a small number of aspects that are by nature non-physical (â€Å"Dualism – Mind/Brain†). This concept is justified because we have a conscious state since we are able to have thoughts, emotions, desires, sensations and beliefs. In addition, that if the mind was merely a material substance comprising only of physical aspects, we would not be able to classify actions as intelligent or otherwise. Fundamentally, this concept opposes that of materialism, as the mind does not operate on a pre-set manner (Mastin). Scientifically, dualism can be explained using the fact that if one wanted to read our thoughts, they would not merely do so by looking at the brain waves; they would have to ask us. From a religious viewpoint, dualism is explained by the fact that people have faith in a Supreme Being; therefore, ascribe themselves to various religions, which consequently determine their actions in certain situations (Mastin). Property Dualism- this classification argues that the brain is an indistinct substance constituting of independent attributes that arise from the brain; hence, mental attributes come up because of the manner in which living human beings are made up. Predicate Dualism- this classification maintains that the psychological occurrences we have cannot be reduced to physical predicates in our innate languages; thus, we cannot explain the reality of the world through mere predicates i.e. description of the subject of a proposition. Initiated by Immanuel Kant in the 17th century, categorical imperative is the core principal behind moral evaluation. It proposes that every action we take when in a particular situation

Gsis Museo Ng Sining Essay Example for Free

Gsis Museo Ng Sining Essay Museo ng Sining was established in April 1996. Its creation is a tribute to the creative endeavors of the contemporary Filipino. Its vision is to help define the growth and glorious flowing of Philippine visual arts. Its objectives are: To collect Philippine art and artistic expressions from the colonial period to the present . To exhibit and document Philippine and non-philippine art and artistic expressions . To heighten art appreciation among the 6SIS personnel and the general public The 6SlS Museo ng Sining functions not only as an exhibition space but as an ducational technology as well. It has the following activities: Permanent exhibition of the 6SlS Art Collection Changing exhibition in the galleries featuring cultural themes and works of new artists Art activities, lectures, workshops, and films focused on the role of art not only as an aesthetic experience but as a significant factor in everyday life 6SIS MUSEUM HELD ME-DISINING EXHIBIT The Government Service Insurance System (6SlS) held an exhibit in honor of the works of Toribio Herrera, one of the pioneers of Philippine painting in the 1920s who set the tone for modern day artists. The exhibit, titled MediSining: The Art of Toribio Herrera, MD, is held at the Upper Gallery of the 6SlS Museum of Art in Pasay City and ran up to November 30, 2009 In his lifetime, Herrera never exhibited his works to the public nor sold a painting as he did not seek monetary rewards for his art. In fact, his very first exhibition was held in 1972, four years after his death. Born in Tondo in 1892, Herrera first graduated in Medicine at the University of Santo Tomas in 1912. Later, he took a second course in Fine Arts at the University of the Philippines, and as eventually accepted to teach there. Influenced by a deep understanding of both intricate human anatomy and the profound brush strokes and lines that make up perspective, his paintings are a Joy to behold, said 6SlS President and General Manager Winston F. Garcia, in appreciation of the works of Herrera. His scenes are simple yet very moving. Herrera was part of the Amorsolo, Castaneda, Miranda Group of Filipino Genre Masters who set the tone of Philippine painting, particularly during the 1920s. We are lucky that in this country, we have our artists, who keep efining us as a country and as a generation, Mr. Garcia added. SA AMIN MAY SINING The 6SlS Museum, in partnership with Kuta ng Sining, Inc. , also showcased the works of Quezon artists last August 7 to 28, 2009 entitled Sa amin may Sining. The province of Quezon is not only known for its Pahiyas festivity but also for the ingenuity and crea tivity of its home-grown artists. Featured artists in Sa amin may Sining include Noel P. Bueza, Erick Dator, Norman F. Ragudo, Monnar Baldemor, Jowell Gaela, and Efren D. Nantes. GSIS PAINTING COMPETITION cross the country, gives away hundreds of thousands of pesos each year to showcase the Filipinos rich talent in art. For this years competition, the 6SlS decided to have an open theme to encourage artists to explore their best in presenting and conceptualizing their artwork entry. The categories for this years competition include representational and non-representational. The 6SlS will give away Pl . 2 million this year, with the first prize winner for each category going home with P300,OOO. The second placer for both categories will each receive P200,OOO and PIOO,OOO for the hird prize. 6SlS ANNUAL ART COMPETITION The Government Service Insurance System (6SlS) believes in the Filipino artist and his invaluable role in shaping how the country thinks. For the sixth year. , the 6SlS is renewing its pledge to support artists all over the country through the Annual Art Competition, which aims to showcase the best paintings and sculptures of this generation. Beyond ensuring lives and property, the 6SlS also insures national heritage, for a nation that carries its artists is a nation that carries itself forward.

New Era Of Societal Marketing Concept Marketing Essay

New Era Of Societal Marketing Concept Marketing Essay Before the new era of societal marketing concept, this is where by people involves in farming to feed themselves and family. All the agricultural crops or food generated was not for sale but some of the output was bartered (i.e. subsistence economy or subsistence farming). The benefit of subsistence economy creates enough food for its people but there is no surplus food so that no food will be wasted. Marketing started during the mass production of goods and services which is called the production era. What led to production era is scarcity or access demand of products and this make firms to measured their success by involving in mass production because its reduces cost of production and increases profitability. The second marketing era is known as Sale era, this is the generating of income for the firm or business. This was during 1950s where there was excess of supply of product in the market and it was too much for what the market demanded for. To make consumer to buy the excess product supplied. Firms involve in using a variety of selling techniques and promotional techniques to inform potential customers to buy their products, by way of advertising and skilful personal selling in order to convert products to cash. The benefit to firm is that it generates income to the business while to the consumers they buy in lower price. Market era is the third era; this is the understanding of the prospective buyers after the Second World War. So many firms or industries were destroyed in other countries, except for that in the United State. Firms found it easy to sell their products because there was little competition, during these period businesses realised they could produce new product in different ways to satisfy customers need and want. To do this firms change their thinking from that of manufacturing products to that of satisfying customers, for them to be able to produce the right products to the market in a low price and also to reduce cost of production. Marketing era is the fourth era; this is where by every activities of an organisation must revolve around customer. To do this some company set up operating policy, technical research, to provide quality products and services to their customers. Also to reduce prices of their product and increase customer value, these enable organisation to satisfy their customers by meeting the marketing concept. http://www.answers.com/topic/subsistence-farming29/12/2009 http://www.answers.com/topic/marketing#Marketing_orientations 29/12/2009 Consumers are often referred to as the king. Explain this statement from notable marketing definitions and concepts. Consumers are often referred to as a king because without them business or organisation wouldnt be able to survive or exist. Marketing definitions that talks about consumers are: Marketing is the management process that identifies, anticipates and satisfies customers requirements profitably. By The Chartered Institute of marketing. This definition talk about how marketer strives to know what consumers wants are by acting on it to bring the wants to their door steps to please them. Marketing is the human activity directed at satisfying human needs and wants through an exchange process. By Philip Kotler. Marketing is essentially about marshalling the resources of an organisation so that they meet the changing needs of the customer on whom the organisation depends. By Palmer Marketing is the implementation of marketing concept (in the 1990s) requires attention to three basic elements of the marketing concept. These are: customer orientation; an organisation to implement a customer orientation; long range customer and societal welfare. By Cohen. Marketing is the whole business seen from the customers point of view. By Drucker. http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_what_is_marketing.htm 29/12/2009 Question 2 Every marketing organisation operates in a complex and dynamic business environment. Identify and explain various micro and macro environmental variables affecting marketing companies in United Kingdom. Business environment entails all factors affecting business positively and negatively. This can be classified as controllable environmental factors (i.e. internal environment) and Uncontrollable environmental factors (i.e. external environment). Under external environment we have immediate external and general external. All these factors determine the success of a business as far the organisation is able to manage the internal environment and adapt to the changes of any external environmental factors. Internal environmental factors are: Employees Shareholders Company policy Employees For an organisation to be successful employees play a vital role to enable firm achieve their goals and also firms need to empower the employees to make them perform their duties. Employees in UK may affect marketing companies positively or negatively. For instance, if a marketing company employed the right staff. Involves in training and development of these staff on how to render service to a customer these may be a good impact on the firm because the moment customer is satisfy with the service render these might encourage him or her to come back again. This could be an edge over its competitors. If an employee is not motivated, lack training and development these may be a negative impact on the organisation and it could lead to low sales. Shareholders The UK shareholders may affect marketing company by pressurising or forcing them to change their organisations strategy from satisfying customers and focus on profits. In doing these, the organisation may involve in a new tactics like pricing strategy to make more profit. In a competitive market where the market determines the price like in UK, this could lead to organisation failure. Company policy This is a lay down procedure to guide staff on how best to operate in an organisation, in order to make firms achieve their objectives. In a situation where by the company policy is not well layout to guide the staff on what to do, these may affect marketing company not to achieve their objectives. Immediate external environmental factors are: Customers Competitors Supplier Customers factors Every marketing organisation that is profit oriented definitely depends on it customers for success. In any marketing company, customers are very crucial because without them businesses wont be able to survive. Customers in UK may affect marketing organisation either positively or negatively. For example if the government increase the tax and national insurance charges this may affect the customers spending power and it could affect marketing sales because consumers will have less money to spend on their commodities. It also slow down business sales and reduce their profits. In the other hand, if there is decrease in tax and national insurance. This will favour the marketing organisation and customers. Customers spending power will increase because they have more money to spend on their commodities. However, customers need to be respected, given good services, quality products, build up long term relationship with them, listen to their complains, art fast on their complains and provide value for their money to enable them come back again. Any marketing company who is able to provide all these will be successful. Competitors factors This is where by marketing organisations compete with each other in terms of price, quality products, customer services etc. to enable them be in business. UK government uses these forces to checkmate prices of products. They allow competition because if there is a lot of marketing company, these will make price of products to be control by the market and not by the competitors. This is affecting marketing organisation because they are unable to fix price on their products due to many competitors. Suppliers factors Suppliers effect to a marketing organisation cannot be over looked. If there is sudden increase on prices of raw material, they may be force to push up their prices and these may affect organisation marketing strategy by forcing them to raise their products price and it could slow down sales because not every consumer will be able to adapt to the changes in price immediately. Also delayed payment of suppliers or lack of good relationship may affect quick delivering of goods to the marketing companies and it could make customers not to rely on them anymore. General external environmental factors are: The general external forces are factors that are beyond the firms or businesses direct control. Political Economic Socio-cultural Technological Political factors These are factors that affect businesses and the spending power of the consumers through taxation, legislation etc. UK government can influence businesses positively by reducing the corporation tax and indirect tax charges (i.e. the profits of business and VAT charges on some products) to enable firms make more profits and expand, this could lead firms to reduce their products prices as well for the benefit of the consumer. Also they can influence consumers positively by cutting down tax charges on their income earn to allow them have more money to spend on their commodities or wants. The increase on direct and indirect tax this make business to increase their products prices as well and it also decreases the business profits because not every individual will be able to afford the products. However, consumers may find it very difficult to buy their wants because of the high price of products and high charges on their income earned. Laws made by UK government could affect businesses in so many ways. For example if government increase the minimum wage this could affect them, if they are unable to meet the increase in minimum wage. It may lead to some of the staff retrenched and also they may increase their products prices for them to be in business. Economic factors Marketing companies need to look into UK economy in the short and long terms before planning and also look for ways of adapting to any changes in the future such as changes in income, population, gross domestic profit, exchange rate, inflation rate and climate etc. Currently the marketing companies in UK experience climate change which really affect sales because so many people was unable to go out to do their shopping due to bad weather condition (i.e. snow). Also changes in consumers income might affect marketing companys sales as well. For example, if government increases taxes on income these will affect the purchasing power of consumers because they have limited amount of money to spend on their commodities and these will reduces market organisation sales and profits. Technological factors Marketing companies in UK who wants to dominate the market or compete with competitors should be able to adapt to the new technology. For example, car company as advance in technology by providing consumer a good cars, such as automatic and computerised cars. As we all know that the era of manual cars is going gradually because of advancement in technology. If there is any car companies who are unable to adapt to the new technology these may affect it cars sales in the market because of lack of technology. Also technology have enable car companies to sell their cars via internet, paying by bank card and advertising through the internet which is an opportunities to them to sell more cars and increase profitability. Social-cultural factors This looks into some factors such as lifestyle changing, culture, beliefs, value and geographical differences that may affect any organisations. In a marketing organisation where by the lifestyle of consumers changes due to low income earn these may affect marketing company because consumer would like to change some of his or her product to a lower price once in order to manage its income perfectly to its needs or wants. This may be a threat to the manufacturing of the product left and an opportunity to the product consumer change to. Understanding any market requires a thorough classification by segments. Identify and explain various basis of market segmentation by proposing the segmentation criteria that can be used for two products in different markets. Many market organisation use different criteria to segment their product to a particular market, such as: Demographical segmentation Geographical segmentation Benefit segmentation Demographical segmentation This is where by market is been divided into groups based on factors such as age, income, social class grouping, family size, lifestyle, gender and family life cycle. By proposing a social class segmentation criteria that can be used for two products such as motor cars and clothing, a marketers would like to look into the social status and occupation of individual to enable them provide a variety of cars that will satisfy the upper middle class, middle class, lower middle class, skilled working class, working class and those at the lowest level of subsistence by providing them cars that they will be able to afford. This helps marketers to know where to locate their shop site or operate their business because individual in these category live in a different areas that suit each group. Social class segmentation table Grade social status occupation % of UK population A Upper middle class Higher managerial or professional 10% (Company directors, lawyers) B middle class middle managerial or professional 15% (Managers, nurses, teachers) C1 lower middle class supervisory or clerical (shop assistants) 26% C2 skilled working class skilled manual workers (technicians) 17% D working class semi-skilled unskilled manual worker 20% E Those at the lowest lowest grade workers 12% Level of subsistence (casual workers, state pensioners) Age is another factor of segmentation criteria used for product like cloths This is where by market organisation display their product design and packaging to meet the wants of different groups according to age differentiation of consumers. While some marketers may focus on one particular age group (e.g. mother care shops) only focus on baby things nothing else. In terms of cloths, manufacturer produces cloth of different sizes, different quality and different texture to meet the taste of customers. This enable marketer to reach their customers by locating their shops close to them, also these determine the prices of product like cloth they sell in rich people area and poor people area as well. Geographical segmentation This is a process of identifying consumers according to the area where they live such as villages, city, regions, and countries. Also to look into their climate condition if it will be favourable or profitable for their product. Any marketing organisation that is into multi-national and global business involves in some programme activities that will advertise and promote its products to meet the needs of individual geographic units. Climate In most African countries the weather condition is very hot and these enable car companies to produce cars that will suit the needs of their consumers in that very geographic units, by providing them cars that will acclimatize to the countries climate (i.e. by putting air-condition) to make their customers feel comfortable when driving or inside the car. Most of these African countries use a left hand drive cars, so any car companies who want to supply it product to these geographic unit should be able to provide them what they really wanted for the purpose of making profits. Countries Cloth companies produce cloths that will suit the benefit of consumers according to their geographic unit because each country has their own culture and traditional wears. Like in India, the cloth they produce wont sell in United Kingdom due to their different believes. Benefit segmentation This may be used by organisation such as car companies to develop a range of products by segmenting the market through benefit that consumers find from product. For example, some people will be interested in safety, others in load space or performance. Cars companies develop ranges of products to please these different segments and also to promote the product in different ways to the different groups. http://tutor2u.net/business/marketing/segmentation_bases_geographic.asp 12/01/2010 http://tutor2u.net/business/marketing/segmentation_bases_demographic.asp 12/01/2010 Question 3 Explain product life cycle with a typical diagram and identify characteristics and essential strategies for survival of each stage of the life cycle. Definition of product life cycle Product life cycle is the process of improving a product over time through redesigning or replacing old version of product. Adopted from: http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_plc.htm 2/1/2010 Introduction stage At this stage an organisation may involve in promotion to create awareness to the general public or target market about the new product. For instance, if the product has no or few competitors, a skimming pricing strategy may be used or penetration pricing may be employed to attract customers to buy the product. The level of distribution is limited, at these level sales is low because the product is new to the market. Growth stage This is where by competitors are attracted to the market with similar products because consumers has realised the benefit or usefulness of the product. Sales are growing rapidly and the cost of production per unit is falling (i.e. economies of scale). The product now becomes more profitable and the spending on advertising is high to focus upon the building brand. Because competitors are growing, the firm may still keep to penetration pricing strategy or push up the price a little bit to make more profits. Maturity stage Rapid sales growth cannot last forever. At the stage of maturity these is where by the product sales slowdown and reach it highest because competition is high and most organisations fight to maintain their market share by striving to make their product look difference from competitors products. The profit is quite high and the distribution level is high as well. Pricing strategy employed may be competitive pricing. Decline stage At these stage the market is shrinking, sales is falling and competition is falling as well because no firm will like to invest their money in a product that is unprofitable. To make the product profitable, some company may cut down the cost to enable them use a promotional techniques such as special offer of the product to consumers or by repositioning the product to other market segment (i.e. children, adult etc.). If it doesnt yield any profit still these may be the withdrawal of the product from market but if it does more competitors will rise to do something similar. http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_plc.htm 2/1/2010 Decision of an organisation to embark on either extensive or selective distribution strategy is contingent on some factors. Identify and explain the factors responsible for the choice of a strategy using both industrial and consumer products as examples. Definition of selective distribution Selective distribution: this is where by producer uses few retail outlets in a geographical area to distribute its product (e.g. Televisions, computers and household appliances) to the consumers. The factors that determine the distribution strategy to be use are Market factors Product factors Producer factors Market factors This is where by buyer behaviour determine how product will be distributed to the market; it means would buyer prefer to purchase the product from retailer or through ordering online and in what ways will the buyer get the product information needed before buying (e.g. like motor cars, computers and household appliances). Middlemen willingness to market the product is a factor as well. Retailer may consider the cost involves in training, equipment needed and warehouse expansion that product required. The cost may be too high for them not to be in support to sell the product. Product factors Product like company equipment may be supply direct to customer because of it size while perishable product like meat, fish and bread may be supplier to the consumer through intermediaries such as retailers. Producer factors Manufacturers willingness to control the price that a product will be sold to consumers is a factor. Producers who want to have control over how, to whom and at what price a product is sold dont need a retailer as middlemen to sell its products, because retailer have control over prices of product in their care do to competitors. However, cost involves in distributing products direct to customer is a factor. A producer may not have the resources to recruit, train and equip salesmen. So it may rather make use of middlemen like retailer or agent to distribute it product to consumers. Question 4 Every organisation is striving to compete in a global market where consumers needs are standardised. Explain why companies strive to be global concerns rather than being national heavy weight. Companies strive to be global concerns because they want to widen their customers base by extending their products to other countries to enable them expand their market and gain more customers. They also strive to be global concerns because they want to increase turnover to make the company financially buoyant to manage all its activities effectively, to put smile on the face of shareholders and to encourage other to invest in the company. However, to ensure a very strong brand name is built by making it known to other countries globally just like what Dell, Nike, Sony, LG and Nokia Company as done. These companies have a very strong brand name by providing good quality of product to their customers, they also involves in sponsoring some activities that will advertise their brand name globally and to make them increase their product sales. Companies strive to be global concern rather than to be national heavy weight because they want to advance in technology, face challenges that will make them better than the national companies and to be able to compete globally or make their products to be known. Prepare marketing mix programmes for any consumers product and hospitality services. Compare and contrast the mix elements for the two. Marketing mix: this is the putting together of product, price, promotion and place used to implement marketing strategy. McDonalds uses various channels to build its brand name by providing quality products and targeting their product on workers and children to enable them gets access to their parents or guardians. They improve on product through listening to customers complains and customers needs on products to enable them give consumers a better product or service. Marketing mix programmes for consumers products in an organisation like McDonalds Restaurant. Product Product is anything that is offer to the market. McDonalds have different types of fast food product for their potential and existing customers; they make these products attractive by designing their menu in such a way that indicate what consumer will be having with any product they chose and what each product contain in a very simple way. However, they also know meeting customers requirements is very crucial on product because they can change taste at any time and these make them to check mate their customer preferable product by getting feedback from them and also through profits made on each product they are aware too. They are extremely careful when introducing new product to the market in order not to affect the existing product sales by redesigning packaging or adding extra features. McDonalds sales on product vary according to the stage they are in their product life cycle and the type of marketing undertaking also depend on the stage of a product. They present their product in more attractive way to motivate their customers to buy. http://www.mcdonalds.co.uk/static/pdf/aboutus/education/mcd_marketing.pdf 28/01/2010 Price Price is the amount customers paid for good or service. It play a very vital role in customers (demand) and producer (supply). These enable McDonalds to make their prices of product reasonable to customers in order to increase sales. However, they also determine price for product through looking at how customers will value the product. Medium Big mac  £3.89 Before they actually fix the price of Large and Medium Big mac, they look at how customers and potential customers will value the combination of the product by asking them selves if they would be able to pay  £3.89 for the combination of product. If yes, they can now fix price on that amount. They may cut down their price of product due to competitors as match with the lower prices which mean no extra demand of the product because consumers can get similar or the same product at the same price elsewhere. This will reduces the profit margin and sales. Promotion Promotion this is a way an organisation communicate with potential customers about its product. The purpose is to persuade customers to buy the product by advertising. McDonalds know the important of promotion on their products because there are many competitors in the market with similar product. So to differentiate their products from others they use various ways of advertising to tell the potential customers about the product and price through advertising on TV, radio, online, newspapers and magazines. However, they also use some promotional techniques such as direct mail, sales promotions, exhibitions, point of sales display, special offer etc to keep their customer inform. The aims of these marketing communications may be to increase customers, to visit the restaurant or to recommend the product to a friend. McDonald uses these promotional techniques to communicate to their customers in different ways. For example, if they would like to advertise on TV they collect some information from customers to know the kind of TV programme they watch most often, to enable them know the TV programme to use and it also make them to present the advert in a reasonable way that we call the attention of audience and look interesting to their targeted audience. Place Place is a way by which an organisation distribute its product to users or consumers. McDonalds distribute their product direct to customers by using good location and providing a place to eat the product to make customers feel relax and comfortable. Marketing mix programme for hospitality services at virgin Atlantic Airways Virgin Atlantic airways use marketing mix to strategise on the kind of products and services render to customers in order to satisfy them. Virgin Atlantic marketing mix Physical Evidence People Place Promotion Price Product Product Some products under air line companies are not physical while some are. Virgin Atlantic has different package of products that they do offer to customers in a different ways, they are: Customers destination and arrival airport Type of ticket or seat customer would prefer to buy (i.e. first class, economy and business class) Kind of food customer would prefer to eat when embarking on a journey (i.e. vegetarian food, meat and fish). The entertainment of customers through watching films, video games, radio. All these are Virgin Atlantic airways product that is package to satisfy their customer, l will like to talk about ticket or seat as a product. They have three type of seat or ticket to offer to customers and the different between these tickets depend on the service they render to individual. The more money you paid, the more value services you get. Price Virgin Atlantic airway makes decision on prices of ticket base on how many seats they would like to sell to customers because they are aware of the fact that cutting down prices do increase demand while high prices affect demand. However, they are been fair to their customers in terms of prices by providing a good offer that will make them happy, at the moment the price of New York economy seat is  £299 and first class is  £1,487 which will end 9th February 2010. Promotion Virgin Atlantic airways knows the important of advertising their product to the general public to enable them get more customers, they do these through TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, direct marketing techniques, personal selling and sales promotion. Direct marketing promotion is a techniques use by a business to communicate or update customers directly through email or telephone. Virgin Atlantic airways use these to update customers about their offer or deal of the month in order to increase sales. They also use it to get feedback from customers to know how enjoyable was their last trip and this enable them to improve in their service. Personal selling promotion this is the selling of product or service through face to face or telephone communication with customer or potential customers. Virgin Atlantic airline use personal selling to make customer or potential customer to locate or call their office for any information they may need before buying their product or service. Virgin Atlantic also use advert on Television, Newspapers and Radio to reach the general public about the offers or deals they have for them. Place Virgin Atlantic airways know the important of location for travellers who may miss place their bag during travelling to know where to go for collection or who miss their flight due to traffic delayed or for other reasons to enable them get access to another booking ticket at the airport in a discounted price. People People play a very vital role in rendering service. It also one of the components of extended marketing mix which talks about how employees strive to satisfy customers in term of service. Virgin Atlantic airways know the important of people and recruiting the right staff that will be able to give effective service to their customers. They also make sure their staff treat customers in the way they want to be treated by showing good manners and also to be able to give a good solution to any customers complains or assistance. Process Process is the procedure of how service is being carried out to customer without delay. If customers receive fast service these may make them come back agai